Gulai Ayam Indonesian Chicken Curry

Name: Gulai Ayam (Indonesian Chicken Curry)
Ingredients: 1 (4-inch) piece fresh turmeric; 1 (1 1/2-inch) piece fresh ginger , peeled; 1 teaspoon kosher salt , divided; 6 candlenuts or macadamia nuts (see Note); 6 small shallots , roughly chopped (about 4 ounces ); 6 small garlic cloves , roughly chopped; 2 long red chiles (such as cayenne), stemmed and torn into pieces; 1 large lemongrass stalk; 1 (1-inch) piece fresh galangal; 6 fresh lime leaves; 1/4 cup vegetable oil or coconut oil; 2 large Indian bay leaves (see Note); 4 whole cloves; 3 green cardamom pods; 1 (2-inch) cinnamon stick; 1 large whole star anise; 1 teaspoon ground coriander; 1/2 teaspoon ground cumin; 1 tablespoon kosher salt; 2 bone-in, skin-on chicken breasts (about 2 1/4 pounds), halved crosswise; 2 bone-in, skin-on chicken drumsticks (about 12 ounces); 2 bone-in, skin-on chicken thighs (about 14 ounces); 1 ( 14-ounce ) can unsweetened Thai coconut milk (such as Aroy-D); 1/4 cup water; 1/2 teaspoon granulated sugar; 10 small fresh red Thai chiles , stemmed; Fried shallots , for garnish; 4 cups steamed jasmine rice and cucumber slices, for serving